in 1948 in The Hague Congress of Europe held, which attracted nearly 800 people. At the Congress came to many eminent personalities of political, economic, scientific and cultural life of Winston Churchill as the central character Congress. The proceedings of the Congress of the foundations of everything that was to pave the way for the progress of the European idea in the next decade. In 1949 in London, established the Council of Europe. This was the first step in the institutional, which in future was to lead to some form of supranational government in Europe.
In the early postwar years in discussions on plans for the integration of Europe dominated by the federalist approach. Proponents of federalism saw in the existence of unfettered sovereignty of states the cause of wars, conflicts and various other economic difficulties, they demanded So limit the sovereignty of states to supranational bodies. According to the federalists in ¬ ated by integration is to centralize certain functions at the level of the federal government and decentralization of the regional and local levels. Practical realization of these ideas has failed, failed in fact taken over, in the years 1950 - 1954 attempt to create a European Political Community and the European Defence Community.
The funkcjonaliści - unlike the Federalists - believed that European unity can be achieved by multiplying the real ties, primarily economic, between states, not by the signing of the federal establishment of the European Parliament and other European institutions. Idealism and the orthodoxy of pragmatism, they opposed the Federalists, in place of the primacy of politics over the economy suggested the primacy of the economy over politics, because it decides the strength of the economy policy, and not vice versa.
In the early 60s of the twentieth century funkcjonaliści promoted the idea of \u200b\u200b"samomodernizacji" development of the integration process. It put forward a proposal that the transfer of state functions to supranational bodies occur by necessity. Traditional funkcjonaliści preached the idea of \u200b\u200bintegration global, not regional, as the target model. Despite some differences between the various currents within the functionalists, they were unanimous that we should strive to "supranational Europe."
A different concept from the previous two konfederalną - Europe, States or other European Homelands - formulated in the early 60's of the twentieth century, the French president General Charles de Gaulle. It was promoted as the next president of France, until the presidency of Francois Mitterand. According to this concept, the driving force behind European unification process should be a constant exchange views and coordinate positions among national governments, the emerging patterns of cooperation and a sense of European solidarity and community. Only then can expand the powers of the European Parliament on the understanding that the deputy should account for its activities against its own Parliament, the national electorate.
largely analogous assumptions contained neogaullistowska vision of a united Europe, which he had formulated the next French president Georges Pompidou. From the classic concept distinguishes it essentially ready to come to terms with the powers of the existing European economic communities have already set out the provisions of the founding treaties. Georges Pompidou suggested, but also so-called establishment. second circle, equipped with a separate institutional machinery, acting on the basis of intergovernmental cooperation. Above them would dominate the third circle - European cooperation in the sphere of international politics.
text Author: Paul Kowszyński . The text of the self-developed on the basis of the following sources: first
Encyclopedic Dictionary of the European Union. Collective work. 2007. EUROPE.
second Basics of European Studies Academic textbook. Wieslaw Bokajły, Anna Pacześniak (ed.). 2009. ATLA second
third European integration. Elizabeth Pumpkin. 2004. LexisNexis.
4th European development policy. Paul Baginski. 2009. WILEY.
5th The general budget of the European Union. Ph.D.. 2009. Academic & Professional Publishing.
6th Instruments and transformations and organizational changes in the conditions of globalization. Pod. edited by Arkadiusz Potocki. 2009. DIFIN.
7th Globalization and the social aspects of transformation and organizational change. Edited by Arkadiusz Potocki. 2009. DIFIN.
8th Project extension. As Poland entered the EU. Couldnt unknown extensions. Marek Orzechowski, GFCnter Verheugen. 2009. BELLONA.
9th Cosmopolitan Europe. Ulrich Beck, Edgar Grande. 2009. SCHOLAR.
10th The Neighbourhood Policy of the European Union. Paul Janusz Borkowski. 2009. DIFIN.
11th Ten new European Union. Dobiesław Jedrzejczak (ed.). 2009. DIALOG.
12th Innovations in organization development strategies in the European Union. Role of Wladyslaw (ed.). 2009. DIFIN.
13th International cooperation for development. Paul Baginski, Catherine Czaplicka, Jan Szczyciński. 2008. EuP.
14th Geography of the European Union. Jerzy Makowski (Ed.). 2008. John Wiley & Sons.
15th The dynamics of the European system. Chris Szczerski. 2008. Jagiellonian University Press.
16th European Union. John Pinder, Simon Usherwood. 2008. EuP.
17th Regions of Interest Representation in the European Union. Philip Skawiński. 2008. THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS.
18th Cultural aspects of European integration. Francis Gołembski. 2008. WAIP.
19th Operating principles of the European Union. Marta Witkowska. 2008. WAIP.
20th UK and European Unity and Realista Ideas. Thomas Lane, Marian S. Wolanski. 2008. WUW.
21st Citizens' Europe. Polish civil society in actu. Wieslaw Bokajło, Aldona Wiktorska (ed.). 2008. TRUMP.
22nd Polish integration with the European Union. Arkadiusz Domagala. 2007. WAIP.
23rd Comitology. A particular type of political decision-making in the European Union. Peter Tosiek. 2007. UMCS.
24th Europe in action. Peter Zuk (eds.). 2007. Scientific press.
25th European integration. Latoszek Eve. 2007. BOOK AND KNOWLEDGE.
26th The creators of a united Europe. Giuseppe Audisio, Alberto Chiara. 2007. PAX.
27th EU policy in the area of \u200b\u200bhome affairs and justice. Peter Wawrzyk. 2006. WAIP.
28th European Union. The organization and functioning. Michelle Cini (ed.). 2006. EuP.
29th Idea of \u200b\u200bEurope. Machińska Hanna (ed.). 2006. INFORMATION CENTRE OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE.
30th European integration. Konstantin A. Wojtaszczyk (ed.). 2006.
31st Crisis of political identity and the process of European integration. Barbara Markiewicz, Wonicki Raphael (ed.). 2006. SCHOLAR.
32nd A compendium of knowledge about society, State and Law (ed 9). Ed Sławomiry Wronkowski and Mary Zmierczak. 2005. John Wiley & Sons.
33rd Compendium of knowledge about the European Union. Eve Gruchman, Bohdan Małuszyńska. 2005. John Wiley & Sons.
34th Globalization and European integration. Kotynski Julius (ed.) 2005. EuP.
35th European integration. Anthony Marshall (ed.). 2004. EuP.
36th European integration. Wysokińska Sophie, Janina Witkowska. 2004. EuP.
37th Lexicon of European integration. Janusz Ruszkowski, mining Eve, Mark Zurek. 2004 (ed. 4). John Wiley & Sons.
38. The new shape of Europe. Kłoczowski Jerzy Slawomir Lukasiewicz (ed.). 2003. INSTITUTE FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE.
39th European treaties. Adam Łazowski. 2003. Brant.
40th Law of the European integration perspective. Brodecki Z. Warsaw 2004.
41st Vademecum of the European Union. Warsaw 2004. Buchmann.
42nd Polonia in terms of integration and unification of the world. Chodubski A. Gdansk International Studies. Gdańsk 2003, No. 1
43rd Global values \u200b\u200bof European culture. Polish culture in the united Europe. Chodubski A.. Toruń 2003.
44th Introduction to study political science. Chodubski A. Gdańsk 2005.
45th Methodological challenges in identifying international relations. Chodubski A. Masters International Gdansk, Gdańsk, 2003, No. 2
46th Europe - an interview with the historian's history. N. Davies, Kraków 1998.
47th The history of the peoples of Europe. Duroselle J.-B. Warsaw, 1996.
48th European Integration. Pumpkin E. Warsaw, 1998.
49th An outline of European history - the twentieth century. Fulbrook M. Warszawa 2004.
50th Compendium of knowledge about the European Union. Glaster J., Z. Witkowski, KM Witkowska. Torun, 2006.
51st History of Europe - its boundaries and divisions. Halecki A. Lublin 1994.
52nd Practical Guide to the European Union. M. Kaminski, Warsaw 2005.
53rd The European Union at a glance. Kolodziejczyk-Konarska K. Warsaw 2003.
54th The European Union - General informant. Committee for European Integration. Warsaw 2000.
55th European Constitution - the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, Bielsko-Biala, 2005.
56th European Union law. Texts-Kazusy-boards. Łazowski A., Łabędzka A., Szpunar M. Warszawa 2003.
57th From the history of the European idea of \u200b\u200binternational integration. Marshal A. Lodz 1997.
58th Meanders of civilization, and Polish-American ethnic issues. Edited by A. Chodubskiego. Torun, 1996.
59th From the history of European integration. Nadolski M. Warszawa 2004.
60th Social change, issues of nationality and the Polish community. Edited by A. Chodubskiego. Toruń 1994.
61st Treaties. Bielsko-Biala 2005.
62nd European Union - a lexicon of integration. Edited by W. and K. Bokajły apiculus. Kraków 2004.
63rd European Union. Edited by K. Michałów-Gorywody. Warsaw 1998.
0 comments:
Post a Comment